1 Rascher, pp. 230 ff.
2 Cf. New Guinea (Kai), Keysser, p. 179; (Goodenough Bay) Ker, p. 123; Seligmann, p. 44; (Moresby) Romilly, 1889, p. 121; (Kuni) Egidi, 1913, p. 992; Santa Cruz, O'Ferral, p. 232; New Hebrides (Aurora), Codrington, p. 403; Polynesia, Funafuti, David, p. 107; New Zealand, Shand, 1896, p. 197; Chatham Islands, ib. p. 195; Manihiki, Te Whitu, p. 97; cf. also Indonesia, Philippines (Subanun), Christie, p. 102.
3 Aurora, Codrington, p. 398.
4 Cf. Banks Islands, Codrington, p. 395, note; New Ireland, Peekel, pp. 45, 51.
5 For other instances of the life-token see Torres Straits, Haddon, 1904, p. 34; New Guinea (Goodenough Bay), Ker, p. 61; Indonesia, Halmahera (Loda), van Baarda, p. 484; Soemba, Wielenga, p. 61; Philippines (Tinguian), Cole, 1915, p. 96.
6 Cf. for the incident of killing the cannibal or monster with hot stones New Guinea (Moresby), Romilly, 1889, p. 125; (Tami) Bamler, p. 535; (Nufoor) van Hasselt, p. 526; Indonesia, Celebes (Toradja), Adriani, 1902a, p. 461; Philippines (Tinguian), Cole, 1915, p. 199; Polynesia, see supra, p. 69.
7 Zahn, p. 337.
8 Zahn, p. 340.
9 Cf. Indonesia, infra, p. 188; also Admiralty Islands, Parkinson, p. 713; New Guinea (Kuni), Egidi, 1913, p. 997.
11 New Guinea (Goodenough Bay), Ker, p. 21.
12 Cf. New Guinea (Tami), Bamler, p. 537; Philippines (Tinguian), Cole, 1915, p. 96; Marshall Group, Erdland, p. 279; New Zealand, Wohlers, p. 10.
15 Codrington, p. 172; Suas, 1912, p. 54; cf. Efate, Macdonald, 1892, p. 731; id. 1898, p. 765; Aurora, Codrington, loc. cit.; Banks Islands, ib. p. 397; New Guinea (Bilibili), Dempwolff, p. 82.
16 Cf. the tales of sky-people who come down to fish, Santa Cruz, O'Ferral, p. 231; Rotumah, Romilly, 1893, p. 143.
17 Cf. New Guinea (Nufoor), van Hasselt, p. 535; Philippines (Viscayan), Maxfield and Millington, 1907, p. 96; Sumatra (Batak), Pleyte, 1894, p. 125; (Achin) Hurgronje, ii. 126; Annam, Landes, 1886, p. 123. It is possible that there is something more than a coincidence in the resemblance of the name by which the swan-maidens are known in Lepers Island, vinmara, to their Sanskrit prototypes, the vidhyâdharas.
18 Suas, 1912, p. 54.
19 Cf. Efate, Macdonald, 1898, p. 764; Aurora, Codrington, p. 398; Whitsuntide, ib. p. 169; Torres Islands, ib. p. 375; New Guinea (Tami), Bamler, p. 532; (Jabim) Zahn, p. 390. The distribution of this incident of the arrow-chain in the North Pacific area, particularly upon the American coast, is a feature of considerable interest. See F. Boas, Indianische Sagen von der Nord-Pacifischen Küste Amerikas, Berlin, 1895, pp. 17, 31, 64, 117, 157, 173, 215, 234, 246, 278; also Mythology of all Races, Boston, 1916, x. 255.
20 Gazelle Peninsula, Meier, 1909, p. 85.
21 Cf. New Hebrides (Tanna), Gray, p. 657; Torres Straits, Haddon, 1904, p. 89; New Guinea (Kai), Keysser, p. 164; (Nufoor) van Hasselt, p. 571; Indonesia, see infra, p. 226.
22 Cf. Parkinson, p. 688; Fiji, Tonga, and Samoa, Mariner, ii. 116; Manihiki, Gill, 1915, p. 151; Celebes (Todjo), Adriani, 1902b, p. 210.
23 (Bukaua) Lehner, p. 480.
24 For other examples of the belief that dawn or daylight drives away ghosts and spirits or makes them assume another form see infra, p. 144 and also New Guinea (Kai), Keysser, pp. 163, 199, etc.; (Goodenough Bay) Ker, p. 76; New Hebrides, Codrington, p. 409; New Zealand, Grey, p. 66.
25 Cf. (Tami) Bamler, p. 526; (Jabim) Zahn, p. 369; (Goodenough Bay) Ker, p. 59; Torres Straits, Haddon, 1904, p. 24.
26 Keysser, p. 197.
27 Cf. Keysser, p. 233.
28 (Ureparapara), Codrington, p. 360; cf. also Indonesia, infra, p. 194.
29 Codrington, p. 364.
30 Goodenough Bay, Ker, p. 3.
31 Gazelle Peninsula, Meier, 1909, p. 285.