PAGE

INTRODUCTION

xiii

UTTARÂDHYAYANA.

LECTURE

1.

On discipline (especially for pupils)

1

"

2.

On troubles. (About the twenty-two things  that cause trouble to monks)

8

"

3.

The four requisites (for the attainment of beatitude)

15

"

4.

Impurity. (Carefulness required for obtaining the end)

18

"

5.

Death against (and with) one's will

20

"

6.

The false ascetic. (Wrong conduct leads to perdition, right conduct to salvation)

24

"

7.

The parable of the ram, &c. (illustrative of the folly of the sinner who misses his chance of reaching a more exalted state of existence)

27

"

8.

Kapila's verses (in praise of good conduct)

31

"

9.

The Pravragyâ of king Nami. (A dialogue between him and Indra who advised him to retain the royalty)

35

"

10.

The leaf of the tree. (A sermon by Mahâvîra on the punishment of the sinner and the reward of the righteous)

41

"

11.

The very learned (monk; his virtues and his superiority)

46

"

12.

Harikêsa, (a Kândâla, turned monk; his victory  over a Brahman, whom he converts)

50

"

13.

Kitra and Sambhûta. (A dialogue on the vanity of worldly pleasures)

56

"

14.

Ishukâra. (A legend, illustrating the excellence of a monastic life)

61

p. viii

PAGE

LECTURE

15.

The true monk; (how he should conduct himself)

69

"

16.

The ten conditions of perfect chastity

73

"

17.

The bad Sramana; (what a monk should avoid)

77

"

18.

Sañgaya. (King S. turned monk; he preaches, that the state of a monk is preferable to that of a king; illustrations from Gaina history)

80

"

19.

The son of Mrigâ. (On the punishment in the hells)

88

"

20.

The great duty of the Nirgranthas. (A dialogue between king Srênika and a monk on the happiness obtained by righteousness. The bad monk is lost)

100

"

21.

Samudrapâla, (turned monk. On the duties of a monk)

108

"

22.

Rathanêmi. (The renunciation of Arishtanêmi; his wife Râgîmatî exhorts Rathanêmi)

112

"

23.

Kêsi and Gautama. (The followers of Pârsva are brought over to the church of Mahâvîra)

119

"

24.

The Samitis (and the Guptis)

129

"

25.

The true sacrifice. (Gayaghôsha, the monk, converts Vigayaghôsha, the Brahman)

136

"

26.

The correct behaviour (of monks during the several parts of day and night)

142

"

27.

The bad bullocks (compared to bad pupils by Garga)

149

"

28.

The road to final deliverance. (On the fundamental principles of Gainism)

152

"

29.

The exertion in righteousness. (On the seventy-three articles necessary for reaching perfection)

158

"

30.

The road of penance. (On external and internal austerities)

174

"

31.

Mode of life. (A list of articles of the Gaina faith according to the number of their subdivisions)

180

"

32.

The causes of carelessness; (what excites the passions and produces Karman)

184

p. ix

PAGE

LECTURE

33.

The nature of Karman, (and the subdivisions of it)

192

"

34.

On Lêsyâ

196

"

35.

The houseless monk. (The chief duties of a monk).

203

"

36.

On living beings and things without life. (The contents of this Lecture are detailed in note 2, pp. 206, 207)

206

SÛTRAKRITÂṄGA.

FIRST BOOK.

LECTURE

1.

The doctrine. (On some heretical doctrines)

235-248

Chapter 1. (Materialists, v. 8; Vedântins, v. 9; other materialists, vv. 11, 12; Akriyâvâdins, v. 13; forerunners of the Vaisêshikas, v. 15; Bauddhas, v. 17; Gânayas, v. 18)

235

Chapter 2. (Fatalists, vv. 1-3; Agnostics, v. 17; Kriyâvâdins, v. 24; Buddhists, vv. 25-28, cf. p. 414)

239

Chapter 3. (Paurânikas,vv. 6-8; the followers of Gôsâla, vv. II, 12; Vainayikas, v. 14)

243

Chapter 4. (Some popular beliefs, vv. 6, 7. Conclusion)

246

"

2.

The destruction of Karman; (how to lead a holy life)

249-261

Chapter 1.

249

Chapter 2.

253

Chapter 3.

257

"

3.

The knowledge of troubles

261-271

Chapter 1. (A monk encounters many difficulties)

261

Chapter 2. (He is tempted back to domestic life)

263

Chapter 3. (He easily desponds. The opinion refuted that a monk should not provide a sick brother with food)

265

p. x

PAGE

LECTURE

3.

Chapter 4. (Several objections removed)

268

"

4.

Knowledge of women

271-278

Chapter 1. (How women tempt a monk)

271

Chapter 2. (How they treat him afterwards)

275

"

5.

Description of the hells

279-286

Chapter 1

279

Chapter 2

283

"

6.

Praise of Mahâvîra

287

"

7.

Description of the wicked. (No living beings should be destroyed; no merit in ablutions and tending the sacrificial fire. A monk should not be selfish)

292

"

8.

On exertion. (Exertion not leading to works recommended)

297

"

9.

The Law. (What a monk should abstain from)

301

"

10.

Carefulness. (Some more injunctions and prohibitions)

306

"

11.

The Path. (The same subject continued and concluded)

310

"

12.

The creed. (On the four heresies: Agnosticism, v. 2; Vinayavâda, v. 3; Akriyâvâda, vv. 4-10; Kriyâvâda, v. 11 ff.)

315

"

13.

The real truth. (Some duties of a pious monk)

320

"

14.

The Nirgrantha. (The same subject continued)

324

"

15.

The Yamakas. (Miscellaneous topics treated in artificial verses)

329

"

16.

The song. (On the virtues of a true monk)

333

SECOND BOOK.

LECTURE

1.

The Lotus. (The parable of the Lotus. The Materialists, § 14 ff. Another school of Materialists and the forerunners of the Vaisêshikas, § 20 ff. The Vêdântins, § 25 ff. The fatalists, § 30 ff. Exhortation to follow the true Law, § 35 ff.)

335

p. xi

PAGE

LECTURE

2.

On activity. (The twelve kinds of committing sin, and sinless actions. Some wicked practices described, § 25 ff. Some more wicked practices, § 60 ff. Right conduct of monks, § 69 ff.; of laymen, § 75 ff. Refutation of the 363 heretical philosophical schools, § 79 ff. Conclusion)

355

"

3.

Knowledge of food. (On the generation of living beings)

388

"

4.

Renunciation of activity. (An action is sinful though it be done unconsciously)

398

"

5.

Freedom from error; (what should be maintained and what not)

405

"

6.

Ârdraka; (his dispute with Gôsâla, a Buddhist, a Vêdic priest, a Vêdântin, and a Hastitâpasa)

409

"

7.

Nâlandâ. (Udaka, a follower of Pârsva, is converted by Gautama)

419

INDEX OF NAMES AND SUBJECTS

437

INDEX OF SANSKRIT AND PRÂKRIT WORDS

443

Transliteration of Oriental Alphabets adopted for the Translations of the Sacred Books of the East

453