p. 373

INDEX OF NAMES AND ARABIC WORDS

Abadi, 300

Al-‘Abbas, 10, 32

‘Abbasids, 10, 32, 34, 39, 45, 50, 51, 53, 54, 56, 57, 91, 92-94, 97, 98, 132-135, 153, 154, 167, 169, 174

‘Abd, 294

‘Abd Allah, father of Muhammad, 350, f.

‘Abd Allah ibn az-Zubayr, 23, 25

‘Abd Allah ibn Maymun, 40, 42-44

‘Abd Allah ibn ‘Umar, 298

‘Abd al-Mu‘min, 248, 252

‘Abd al-Muttalib, 351

‘Abd al-Qadir al-Jilani, 267

‘Abd ar-Rahman, the Umayyad, 33

‘Abd ar-Razzaq, 271, f.

‘Abid, 173, 174

‘Abida, 174

Abkam, 340

Abraham, also Ibrahim, 42, 226, 345

Abu ‘Abd Allah ibn Karram; see Ibn Karram

Abu-l-‘Ala al-Ma‘arri, 199

Abu Bakr, 1st Kh., 13-16, 23, 24, 36, 56, 71, 165, 200, 250, 268, 297, 307, 313, 346

Abu Da’ud as-Sijistani, 81

Abu Dharr, 207

Abu-l-Hajjaj ibn Tumlus, 260

Abu Hanifa, 94-102, 106, 121, 127, 193, 309

Abu Hashim, 159, f.

Abu Hudhayl, 136-139, 159, 248

Abu Sahl, 325

Abu Shuja‘ al-Ispahani, 351

Abu Sufyan, 22

Abu Sulayman of Damascus, 175

Abu Talib, 10

Abu Talib al-Makki, 176, f.

Abu ‘Ubayda, 150

Abu Ya‘qub ibn ‘Abd al-Mu'min, 252-255

Abu Yusuf, the Qadi, 96-99

Abu Yusuf al-Mansur, 252, 255

Active Intellect, 236, 250-253, 256, 265

‘Ada, 113

‘Adad, 326

Adam, 42, 43, 171, 232, 312, 332, 346

‘Adam, 316

‘Adi al-Hakkari, 267

‘Adil, 356

‘Adl, 291

Africa, 59

Africa, East, 24, 26

Africa, North, 26, 35, 45, 46, 62, 243

Ahl al-ahwa, 122, 299

Ahl at-tawhid wal-‘adl, 136

Ahl kitab, 24

Ahmad al-Badawi, 267, 269

Ahmad al-Malawi, 331

Ahmad ar-Rifa‘a, 267

Ahmad ibn ‘Abd Allah ibn Maymun, 44

Ahmad ibn Abi Duwad, 156

p. {prr. 374

Ahmad ibn Hanbal, 79, 103, 110, 157, 158, 172, 175, 176, 187, 274, 277, 293

‘A’isha, wife of Muhammad, 10, 13, 21

‘A’isha, daughter of Ja‘far as-Sadiq, 173

Ajal, 298, 311

Al-Ajhuri, 346

‘Ajz, 317, 339

Al-Akhtal, 89

‘Alam al-jabarut, 234

‘Alam al-malakut, 234, 235

‘Alam al-mulk, 234

Alamut, 49, 169, 224

Alastu bi-rabbikum, 171

Aleppo, 162

Alexandria, 241

Algeria, 24, 26, 62

‘Alids, 18, 32-35, 37, 51, 155, 157, 166, 187

‘Ali ibn Abi Talib, 18-31, 36, 37, 44, 45, 88, 121, 155, 182, 249, 259, 275, 297, 307, 313, 314, 346

‘Alim, 337; cf. ‘ulama

Allah, 127, 161, 321, 327

Almeria, 260

Alp Arslan, 213

Alphonso the Wise, 233

Al-‘Alqami, 346

A‘ma, 340

‘Ama, 340

‘Amal, 294, 296, 312

Amana, 347

‘Amr ibn ‘Ubayd, 129

Amina, mother of Muhammad, 351

Anima Mundi, 232

Ansar, 9, 13, 18

‘Aqida, 316

‘Aqiqa, 356

‘Aql, 120, 136, 148, 157, 214, 269, 272, 292, 308, 316

Al-’aql al-fa‘ ‘al; see Active Intellect

Arabs, 8, 14, 17, 24, 40, 44-46, 50, 51, 60, 67, 68, 74, 124, 125, 127, 133, 134, 150, 157, 243, 305

Arabia, 15, 23, 25, 36, 37, 131

Arabia, South, 23, 36, 37, 45, 59

Arab ‘Iraq; see al-‘Iraq

‘Arad, 159, 309, 320

Arhamu-r-rahimin, 210

Aristotelians, Aristotelianism, 134, 140, 144, 161-163, 168, 196, 198, 201, 202, 286

Aristotle, 134, 138, 140, 144, 161-164, 198, 221, 232, 236, 248, 253, 255, 256, 260, 264

‘Arsh, 301

Asal, 253, 254

Asamm, 340

Al-asharatu-l-mubashshara, 268, 297, 314

Al-Ash‘ari, 187-190, 192, 193, 200, 208, 214, 217, 218, 220, 226, 229, 230, 293, 308, 319, 341

Ash‘arites, 191, 201, 207-213, 241-247, 272, 273, 276, 280, 291, 292, 338

‘Ashura, day of, 28

Asl, 107  109

Aslah, 190, 292, 311; see, too, salah

Al-asma al-husna, 210, 280, 321, 341

Assassins, 27, 49, 53, 59,169,170, 196; see, too, Isma‘ilians, Batinites, Ta‘limites

‘Ata ibn Yassar, 128

Athos, Mount, 178

Augustine, 132, 215, 216

Avenpace, 250; see, too, Ibn Bajja

Averroes, Averroism, 251; see, too, Ibn Rushd

Avicenna, 197; see, too, Ibn Sina

Awlad ‘llwan, 268

Awwaliyat, 260

Al-Awza‘i, 98

p. {prr. 375 }

‘Ayn, 191, 309, 319, 41

Azali, 291, 300, 309, 322, 343

Babism, 5

Badaha, 308

Badakhshan, 170

Badan, 141

Badawite darwishes, 267

Al-Baghawi, 81, 207

Baghdad, 5, 50-53, 56, 111, 133, 159, 162, 166-168, 175, 184, 185, 190, 194, 195, 207, 213, 217, 220, 226, 267

Baghdad, Pashalik of, 60

Bakam, 340

Balada, 347

Balkh, 174

Baqa, 323

Al-Baqilani, 200, 201, 207

Barmak, Barmecides, 50

Basar, 294, 333

Bashshar ibn Burd, 150

Basir, 337

Al-Basra, 18, 23, 25, 83, 150, 159, 167,174, 187, 188

Ba‘th, 296, 311, 329

Batin, 314

Batinites, 42, 196

Batn, 42

Bay‘, 353

Al-Baydawi, 195, 241

Al-Bayjuri, 315

Baytu-l-‘izza, 335

Bedawis, 62

Berbers, 45, 243, 244, 248, 249

Al-Beruni, 170, 197

Beyrout, 84

Bid‘a, 74, 78, 148, 186, 297, 299, 307

Bila kayfa wala tashbih, 147, 171, 191, 208, 294, 344; cf. kayfa

Bil-fi‘l; see Fi‘l

Bishr al-Hafi, 175, 176

Bishr al-Marisi, 155

Bishr ibn al-Mu‘tamir, 142, 143, 151, 152

Al-Bistami, Abu Yazid, 183, 188, 225, 268

Brotherhood of as-Sanusi, 61, ff.

Buddhists, 134

Al-Bukhari, 79, 80, 147, 148

Burgundy, 83

Burhan, 259, 260

Buwayhids, 51, 52, 167, 194, 195, 197, 208

Caesarea, 84

Cairo, 49, 166, 173, 195, 241, 244, 277

Camel, Battle of the, 21

Carthage, 82, 243

Charles the Hammer, 83

Chinese Muslims, 59

Christians, Christianity, 24, 47, 48, 125, 130-134, 137, 144, 147, 151, 181, 194

Companions; see Sahibs

Code Napoleon, 114

Constantine in Algeria, 45

Constantinople, 54, 113

Crusaders, 49

Ad-Dajjal, 298, 315

Dalil, 109, 315

Daman, 354

Damascus, 14, 82, 88, 131, 175, 177

Dar al-Harb, 55

Dar al-Islam, 55

Daruri, 308

Darwishes, 5, 61, 179, 182, 183, 203, 244, 266, 268

Da’ud az-Zahiri, 103, 108-110

Da’ud ibn Nusayr, 174

Dauphine, Le, 83

Dawr, 323

Dhikrs, 174, 178, 179

Dhuhul, 340

Dhu-l-faqar, 20

p. {prr. 376 }

Dhu-l-Kifl, 346

Dhu-n-Nun, 176

Dhu-n-Nurayn, 313

Din, 293, 297, 298, 305, 307

Diya, 355

Diyana, 293

Druses, 27, 48, 59, 170

Eckert, the mystic, 180

Edict of the Praetor, 87

Egypt, Egyptians, 14, 21, 23, 30, 45-49, 53, 62, 82, 187, 244, 277, 287

Emessa, 163

Erigena, Scotus, 182

Euchites, 178

Euclid, 134

Euphrates, 133

Fakhr ad-Din ar-Razi, 241

Fakhr ad-Din ibn ‘Asakir, 273

Fana, 338

Faqih, fuqaha, 73, 85, 270

Faqirs, 268

Al-Farabi, 162-164, 165, 167, 169, 181, 196, 215, 221, 236, 250

Faragh, 317

Fard, 73

Farida, 354

Al-Faruq, 313

Fatana, 347

Fatima, daughter of Muhammad, 20, 30, 36, 346, 347

Fatima of Naysabur, 173

Fatimids, 27, 36, 45, 47, 49, 165-167, 169, 173, 184, 197, 224, 241, 244, 251

Fatwa, 115, 184, 276, 277

Fay’, 356

Bil-fi‘l; 328

Fi mahall; see mahall

Fiqh, 77, 87, 116, 132, 208, 209, 245, 252, 261, 270, 279, 282; cf. faqih

Firdawsi, 170

St. Francis of Assisi, 180

Frederick II., the Hohenstaufen, 263

Friday, 35, 51, 235, 298, 313

Al-Fudali, 191, 315

Al-Fudayl ibn ‘lyad, 174, 175

Fustat, 83

Galen, 134

Ghafala, 340

Al-Ghani, 327

Ghanima, 356

Ghasb, 354

Al-Ghayb, 139, 281, 314

Al-Ghazzali, 139, 165, 176, 183, 195, 199, 207, 215-241, 245-249, 253, 257, 260-264, 267, 270, 284-286, 300, 309

Ghiba, 349

Ghusl, 352

Gondeshapur, 134

Greek monks, 178

Greek philosophy, science, etc., 133, 138, 140, 144, 159, 161, 162

Habib, 175

Hadd, 314, 355

Hadith, 75, 77, 78, 87, 94, 121, 190, 209, 261, 270

Hadith, 320, 322, 328, 332

Hadith an-nafs, 273, 336, 350

Hadramawt, 60

Hafsids, 265

Ha’il, 60

Hajar as-safih, 354

Hajj, 275, 278, 292, 353

Al-Hajjaj, 209, 298

Al-Hakim Bi’amrillah, 47, 48

Al-Hakam ibn abi-l-‘As, 17

Hal, 160, 176, 227, 310, 319, 322, 337

Hal nafsi, 319

Halal 298

p. {prr. 377 }

Al-Hallaj, 183-185, 298

Halley's comet, 84

Hamdanids, 162, 165

Hamilton, Sir William, 237

Hanbalites, 115, 121, 158, 167, 190, 191, 200, 207, 208, 212-214, 237, 273, 274, 278

Hanif, 125

Hanifites, 115

Haqiqa, 328, 329

Haqq, 356

Haram, 73, 298, 311

Al-Haraman, 58, 213

Al-Harith al-Muhasibi, 175, 177, 187, 225

Harran, 133, 134

Harun ar-Rashid, 50, 97, 98, 144, 153, 155, 175

Hasad, 349

Al-Hasan, 20, 27, 28, 35

Al-Hasan al-Basri, 128, 129, 130, 172, 173

Hasan ibn as-Sabbah, 224

Hashim, 10, 17, 32, 313, 351

Hawala, 354

Hawd, 249, 296, 306, 311, 349

Hayah, 332

Hayy, 337

Al-Hayy, 211

Hayy ibn Yaqzan, 253, 254

Hebron, 226

Hegel, 143, 233

Herat, 82, 207

Hesychasts, 178

Hiba, 354

Hidana, 355

Hidden Imam, 31, 37, 41, 56, 116; cf. Imam, Imamites

Hierotheos, 181

Al-Hijaz, 212

Hippocrates, 134

Hud, 346

Huduth, 320, 338; cf. hadith, muhdath

Hukm, 292

Hulagu, 49, 53

Hulul, 228

Hume, 229, 230

Al-Husayn, 20, 28

Huwa-l-haqq, 203

I‘ara, 354

Ibadites, 5, 26, 54, 115, 117, 126

Ibn ‘Abd al-Wahhab; see Muhammad Ibn ‘Abd al-Wahhab

Ibn Abi ‘Awja, 80

Ibn al-‘Arabi, 316, 322, 323, 328

Ibn ‘Arabi, 241, 261, 264, 271, 277, 280

Ibn ash-Shalmaghani, 185

Ibn Bajja, 250, 252, 255, 257

Ibn Hani, 170

Ibn Hazm, 209-212, 245-248, 261, 275, 280

Ibn Ibad, ‘Abd Allah, 25, 26, 116

Ibn Karram, 170, ff.

Ibn Khaldun, 50, 81, 242, f.

Ibn Khallikan, 185

Ibn Maja, 81

Ibn al-Muqaffa‘, 150

Ibn Rushd, 161, 163, 195, 206, 215, 236, 248, 252, 255, 256-261, 264-286

Ibn Sab‘in, ‘Abd al-Haqq, 263, 264, 267, 277

Ibn Sina, 163, 171, 197, 221, 228, 236, 241, 250, 257

Ibn Taymiya, 270-278, 283-285

Ibn Tufayl, 252-256, 261

Ibn Tumart., 207, 245-248, 252, 275

Ibrahim ibn Adham, 174, 268

Al-idafatu-l-‘amm lil-khass, 337

Al-idafatu-l-bayaniya, 337

‘Idda, 355

Idris, 346

Idris ibn ‘Abd Allah, 35

Idrisids, 34,102

Ihata, 332

p. 378

Ihsan, 293

Ihtiyaj ila mahall, 339

Ihya, 338

Ihya of al-Ghazzali, 285, 300

Ihya al-mawat, 354

Ijara, 354

I‘jaz, 151

Al-‘Iji, 241, 269

Ijma‘, 57, 58, 72, 94, 101, 105, 209, 292, 328, 351

Ijmali, 316

Ikhtilaf, 116

Ikhtiyar, 192, 310, 339, 345

Ikhwan as-safa, 167, 169, 194, 196, 199

Iktisab, 280; cf. kasb

Iktisabi, 309

Ila, 355

Ilhad, 314

Ilham, 281, 309

Iljam al-‘awamm‘an ‘ilm al-kalam of al-Ghazzali, 260

‘Ilm, 201, 294, 332

‘Ilwan, the Shaykh, 268

Imam, 26, 29, 31, 36-38, 41-43, 46, 54, 57, 142, 155, 165, 167, 188, 197, 212, 224, 286, 292, 293, 297-299, 311, 313, 318, 350

Imam al-Haramayn, 212, 213, 217, 230, 317

Imamites, 37, 57, 59, 116, 126, 142, 247

Iman, 126, 127, 292-296, 311, 312, 318, 350

Imata, 338

Imdadat, 330

Imtihan, 148; cf. mihna

India, 51, 55, 56, 59, 61

India, Emperor of, 55

Indian Mu‘tazilism, 286

Injil, 304

In sha’ Allah, 272

Iqrar, 312, 354

Irada, 330

Al-‘Iraq, 209

‘Iraq, Arab, 44

Irda, 355

Irja, 292; cf. Murji’ites

‘Isa; see Jesus

Islam, 7, 13-15, 19-27, 37, 40-48, 52-55, 58, 59, 68, 71-74, 118-120, 124, 130, 136, 141, 142, 149, 151-154, 158-161, 167, 173, 176, 177, 180-183, 186, 190, 191, 206, 212-215, 218, 226, 228, 230, 231, 233, 235, 238-244, 248, 261, 262, 270, 278, 282-284, 292, 296, 312

‘Isma, 247, 292, 314, 347

Isma‘il, 41, 42, 43

Isma‘ilians, 42, 44, 57, 59, 169,170, 196

Isnad, 75, 78,79

Ispahan, 195

Istawa, Istiwa, 186, 294, 301

Istidlali, 308

Istihsan, 87, 94, 96

Istislah, 87,100, 101

Istita‘a, 310

Istiwa; see Istawa

I‘tazala ‘anna, 130

Ithna ‘Ashariya, 38

I‘tibar, 201, 341

I‘tibar ikhtira‘i, 342

I‘tibar intiza‘i, 342

I‘tidal, 221

I‘tikaf, 353

‘Itq, 357

Ittihad, 228, 277

Ja‘ala, 354

Jabarites, 292, 344

Jabr, 291, 344

Jacob, 350

Jadliya, 259

Ja‘far as-Sadiq, 42, 173

Al-Jafr, 249

p. 379

Jahannam, 308

Al-Jahiliya, the Barbarism, or the Ignorance, 8, 74, 77, 173

Al-Jahiz, 160, 161

Jahl, 340

Jahm ibn Safwan, 126, 138, 146, 150

Jahmites, 294, 299

Ja’iz, 73, 316, 348

Jalal ad-Din ar-Rumi, 267

Jami‘, 80

Jarabub, 62

Jawhar, 159, 309

Jawhar ruhani, 231

Jerusalem, 14, 40, 42, 146, 226

Jesus, ‘Isa, 42, 146, 315, 345

Jews, 24, 47, 68, 70, 133, 134, 144, 194

Jibril, 292, 293, 335, 336

Jihad, 55, 63, 246, 356

Jinaya, 355

Jinn, Jinni, Jann, 76, 281, 283, 286, 299, 304, 305, 324

Jirm, 317, 320

Jism, 143, 309

Jizya, 15, 356

John of Damascus, 89, 131, 132, 137, 146

Al-Jubba‘i, 159, 160, 172, 188-190

Al-Junayd, 176, 177, 183, 187, 225, 282

Jurisprudentes, 85, 86

Juththa, 384

Al-Juwayni; see Imam al-Haramayn

Ka‘ba, 149, 268, 278

Kabira, 127, 296, 311, 349

Kafala, 354

Kafir, 295, 316, 328, 350; cf. kufr, takfir

"Kalila and Dimna," 150

Kahin, 314

Kalam, 147, 149, 151, 157, 175, 186, 188, 193, 200, 206, 208, 214, 216, 241, 242, 245, 276, 278, 286, 294, 309, 315, 335

Kalam Allah, 146

Kalam nafsi, hadith fi-n-nafs, 273, 336

Kalimata-sh-shahada, 300  Al-kalimatan, 30

Kallima-llahu Musa taklima, 149

Kamm munfasil, 325

Kamm muttasil, 325

Kant, 191, 200, 201

Al-Karabisi, 187

Karaha, 339

Karama, 174, 213, 228, 230, 274, 281, 282, 313

Karbala, 28

Karramites, 170, 191, 195, 291, 292

Kasb, 179, 192, 292; cf. iktisab

Kashf, 120, 172, 179, 215, 269

Kashshaf of az-Zamakhshari, 195

Kawn, 309; cf. takwin

Kawn ‘ajiz, 340

Kawn jahil, 340

Kawn karih, 340

Kawn mayyit, 340

Kawn murid, 337

Kawn qadir, 336

Al-Kawthar, 306, 349

Kayfa, 297

Kayfiya, 309, 334

Kempis, Thomas à, 177, 180

Khabar, 308

Khadija, 347

Al-Khadir, 281, 283

Khalifa, Khalifate, 13-28, 38-38, 45, 47, 51-58, 297, 313; cf. al-Khulafa

Khalq, 338

Khanqah, 229, 266

Kharaj, 15

Kharas, 340, 341

Kharijites, 23-27, 32, 40, 44, 57, 59, 123-126, 131, 172, 212, 292, 294, 296

p. 380

Khatarat, 331

Khitabiya, 259

Khitba, 355

Khiyana, 347

Khuffs, 298, 314, 347, 352, 355

Khul‘, 355

Al-Khulafa-ar-rashidun, 22, 87, 99, 105, 114

Khurasan, 171, 174, 177

Khutba, 56

Khuzistan, 25, 134

Kibr, 349

Kidhb, 347

Al-Kindi, 155, 161, 187

Kitaba, 357

Kitman, 347

Kubra of as-Sanusi, 316

Al-Kufa, 18, 23, 28, 83

Kufr, 157, 296, 311, 332, 349; of. takfir, kafir

Labid, 149

Lafz, 147, 355

Laqab, 347

Laqit, 354

La shay‘, 328

Al-lawh al-mahfuz, 335

Laylatu-l-qadr, 335

Lebanon, 48

Leibnitz, 192, 200, 203

Li‘an; 355

Logos, 146-148, 151

Lucretius, 200

Luqta, 354

Lutf, 292

Ma‘bad al-Juhani, 128

Al-Madina, 7, 8, 18, 35, 56, 67, 69-71, 72, 82, 87, 88, 99, 101, 102, 165, 213, 216, 226, 278, 284, 346

Madrasa, 229

Ma‘dum, 159, 314, 319; cf. ‘adam

Mafatih al-ghayb of ar-Razi, 241

Magians, 144

‘Al-Maghrib, 243

Mahall, 317, 325

Mahall (fi), 137

Al-Mahdi, 27, 34, 45, 62, 114, 244-249

Al-Mahdi, the ‘Abbasid Khalifa, 35, 134

Al-Mahdiya, 165, 244

Mahiya, 309

Mahmud of Ghazna, 170, 195, 197

Mahr, 355

Maimonides, 237

Maine, Sir Henry, 65, 85, 114

Majazi, 329

Majuj, 315

Makhluqat, 324

Makruh, 73, 347

Malay Archipelago, 62

Malik ibn Anas, 35, 78, 99-103, 106, 147, 186, 245, 346

Malikites, 115

Ma‘mar ibn ‘Abbad, 143

Mamluks, 53, 54, 275

Al-Ma’mun, 50, 110, 140, 144, 154-159, 162, 166, 277

Mandub, 73, 347

Manichæans, 133, 134

Mansel, H. L., 237

Al-Mansur, ‘Abbasid Kh., 33, 34, 50, 134, 153, 154

Maqama, 176

Al-Maqasid, 346

Maqbulat, 259

Mar’an, 314

Ma‘rifa, 201, 350

Mariya the Copt, 347

Ma‘ruf of al-Karkh, 175

Marwan II., 32

Marwan ibn al-Hakam, 17

Masabih as-sunna of at-Baghawi, 81

Mash, 298, 314

Mashhurat, 259

Mashya, 294

p. 381

Maslaha, 101

Masyaf, 49

Al-Mataridi, 187, 193, 207, 308

Mataridites, 200, 207, 337, 338

Matn, 75, 78

Mawaqif of al ‘Iji, 241

Mawjub, 347; cf. wajib

Mawjud, 159, 191, 314, 319; cf. wujud

Mawlawite darwishes, 267

Mawqif, 296, 349

Mawsil, 267

Mawt, 340

Maymun, 40

Maznunat, 259

Mecca, 9, 17, 23, 25, 32, 46, 56, 62, 68, 174, 184, 213, 217, 226, 265, 285, 296, 346

Merv, 217

Mesnevi, The, 267

Mesopotamia, 23, 44, 82, 131, 187

Mihna, 156, 157

Minister of Justice, 114

Mi‘raj, 298, 312

Mongols, 49, 52, 53, 169

Monophysites, 181

Morocco, 35, 62

Moses, 42, 149, 192, 295, 296, 304, 336, 345

Mu‘awiya, 21-23, 28, 88

Mubah, 73, 348

Mubtadi‘, 307; cf. bid‘a

Mufti, 115; cf. fatwa

Muhajirs, 8, 13, 20

Muhammad, the Prophet, 7-13, 16-22, 28, 30, 35, 37, 42-45, 56, 57, 58, 67-75, 83, 86-89, 95, 104-106, 112, 120-133, 140-150, 155, 160, 161, 164, 165, 171, 172, 175-180, 188, 210, 227-231, 243, 245, 249, 253, 254, 263, 270, 275-278, 284, 285, 292-294, 298, 305, 308, 312, 335, 336, 345, 346, 349, 350, 351

Muhammad II, Ottoman Sultan, 113

Muhammad al-‘Allaf; see Abu Hudhayl

Muhammad al-Muntazar, 187

Muhammad an-Naqshbandi, 267

Muhammad ibn ‘Abd al-Wahhab, 60, 283

Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr, 18

Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiya, 29, 31

Muhammad ibn al-Hasan, 38, 96, 102

Muhammad ibn ‘Ali as-Sanusi; see as-Sanusi

Muhammad ibn Isma‘il, 42, 43, 45

Muharram, 347

Al-Muhasibi; see Al-Harith

Muhdath, 309; cf. hadith, huduth

Muhdith, 309, 321

Muhsan, 355

Muhyi ad-Din ibn ‘Arabi; see Ibn ‘Arabi

Al-Mu‘izz, Fatimid Khalifa, 170

Mujassim, 191, 291; cf. jism, tajsim

Mujid, 325

Mu‘jiza, 141, 151, 313, 345

Mujtahid, 38, 116, 275, 287, 315

Mujtahidun bil-fatwa, 113

Mujtahidun fi-l-madhahib, 113

Mujtahidun mutlaq, 112

Mukallaf, 280, 317, 318, 321, 323, 342, 345; cf. taklif

Mukashafa, 227

Mukhabara, 354

Mukhalafa lil-hawadith, 205, 210, 232, 280,324

Mukhassis, 325

Mumathala 338

Mu’min, 126, 130, 350

Mumkinat, 330

Munkar, 296, 298; 305, 311

Munazzah, 324

p. 382

Muntazar, 313; see, too, Muhammad al-Muntazar

Muqallad, 316, 350; cf. taqlid

Al-Muqanna‘, 30

Munqidh min ad-dalal of al-Ghazzali, 216, 225, 239

Muqarrab, 306

Al-Muqtadir, ‘Abbasid Kh., 184

Murabits, 246, 251

Murji’ites, 122-127, 129, 131, 132, 171, 193, 214, 292

Murtadd, 24, 297

Musa, see Moses

Musa al-Qazam, 42

Musaqat, 354

Musallamat, 259

Musannaf, 79

Musaylima, 150

Mushabbih, 191; cf. bila kayfa

Mushahada, 327

Mushrik, 284, 299; cf. shirk, sharik

Muslim, 80

Musnad, 79, 110

Al-Mustafa, 300

Mustahabb, 73

Mustahil, 316

Mustansir, Fatimid Kh., 170

Mutakallims, 147, 186, 193-196, 215, 231, 262, 276, 337

Al-Mu‘tasim, ‘Abbasid Kh., 157, 158, 162, 163

Mutaqabilat, 330

Al-Mutawakkil, ‘Abbasid Kh., 157, 162

Mutawatir, 308

Mu‘tazilites, 37, 57, 120, 130, 135-138, 140, 143-146, 151-159, 166, 168, 171, 172, 175, 176, 184-196, 200, 207, 208, 211-214, 220-226, 241, 248, 291-294, 298, 299, 311, 336, 337, 343, 344

Muwahhids, 179, 207, 246-257, 261-265, 284, 296, 307 .

Muwatta’ of Malik ibn Anas, 78, 82, 101, 102

Al-Muzdar, 151

Mzab in Algeria, 26, 69

Nabateans, 44

Nabi, 263, 312, 345

Nabidh, 314

Nadhr, 356

Nafaqa, 355

Nafisa, The Lady, 173

Nafs, 234, 272, 334

Nahawand, 14, 133

Najasat, 352

Najd, 60

Najjarites, 292

Nakir, 296, 298, 305, 311

Naqib, 268

Naql, 120, 148, 157, 214, 269, 297, 310

Naqshbandite darwishes, 267

Narbonne, 83

An-Nasafi, 193, 207, 277, 308

An-Nasa’i, 81, 152

Nasir ibn Khusraw, 170

An-Nasir, Mamluk Sultan, 277

An-Nasr al-Manbiji, 277

Nass, 29, 95, 292

Naysabur, 217, 229

Nazr, 208

An-Nazzam, 140, 143, 152

Neo-Platonism, 163, 164, 168,180, 181, 196, 232, 235, 236, 253, 255, 264, 272

Nikah, 354

Nisba, 337

Nizam al-Mulk, 213, 217, 218

Nizamite Academy, 213, 217

Noah, or Nuh, 42, 43, 345

Nusayrites, 59

Old Man of the Mountain, Shaykh al-jabal, 49

Ottoman Sultan, 10, 56, 58, 59

Ottoman Turks, 36, 52, 53, 54, 60

p. 383

Pan-Islamic movement, 59

Parsees, 194

People of Paradise, 139

People of the Sunna, 336, 337

Persia, Persian, 14, 23, 31, 36-41, 44, 49, 50, 51, 82, 131-134, 150, 155, 157, 184

Persian Gulf, 60

Persian mysticism, 5

Plato, 134, 162-165, 235

Plotinus, Plotinian, 163-165, 182, 231, 256, 269, 280

Porphyrius, 163

Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite, 181, 182

Ptolemaic system, 233

Ptolemy, 134

Pythagoreanism, 168, 170

Qada, 291, 295, 342, 356

Qadar, 128, 135-137, 242, 291, 293, 295, 342

Qadarites, 122, 127-132, 135, 137, 140, 292, 344

Qadi, 115, 156, 245, 356

Qadim, 143, 300, 322, 343

Al-Qadir, ‘Abbasid Kh., 193-195

Qadir, 319

Qadirite darwishes, 267, 269

Al-Qadisiya, 14, 133

Qanuns, 114

Qarmatians, 44, 46, 170,184, 188

Qasm, 356

Qattat, 350

Qawl, 296

Qidam, 322

Qirad, 354

Qisas, 355

Al-Qiyama, 349; cf. Yawm

Qiyam bin-nafs, 325

Qiyas, 87, 94, 209, 247, 347

Qubda, 329

Qudra, 192, 234, 294, 310, 319, 322, 328, 344

Al-Qudra al-azaliya, 234

Qur’an, 24, 42, 62, 69-71, 76, 77, 85, 94-96, 99, 103-106, 109, 117, 121, 128-130, 135, 138-141, 145-152, 155-158, 161-163, 171, 178, 188, 190, 195-198, 206, 209, 210, 231, 235, 238, 241, 245-249, 252, 253, 257-259, 263, 271, 272-275, 282-284, 295, 297, 303, 304, 310, 335, 345, 346

Quraysh, 10, 57, 305, 313

Al-Qushayri, 213

Qutb, 268, 282

Quwa, 328

Rabelais, 199

Rabi‘a, 173

Rafidites, 212

Rahib, 125, 172

Rahn, 354

Ramadan, 188, 292, 293

Ar-Rashid, the Muwahhid, 263, 264

Rasa‘il ikhwan as-safa, 168

Rasul, 263, 308, 312,345

Ra’y, 86, 94

Razq, 338

Red Sea, 60

Responsa prudentium, 85

Rida, 310

Rifa‘ite darwishes, 267, 268

Risala, 292

Risala of al-Qushayri, 213

Ritschl, 238

Rizq, 179, 298, 299, 311, 317

Ruh, 141, 231, 272

Rukhsa, 283

Ru’ya, 310, 344

As-sa‘a, 293, 294, 315

Sabil Allah, 18

Sab‘inite darwishes, 267

Sab‘iya, 42

Sa‘da, 36

p. 384

Sa‘d ad-Din; see at-Taftazani

Safawids, 38

As-Saffah, ‘Abbasid Kh., 32

Saghira, 127, 311, 349

Sahara, 62

Sahiba, 294

Sahibs, 9, 16, 19, 71, 72, 75, 79, 88, 101, 105, 147, 180, 275, 276, 282, 283, 293, 297, 307, 314, 346

Sah‘fa, 75, 77, 335

Sahifa of al-Bukhari, 35, 79-81

Sahih of Muslim, 80, ff.

Sa‘id ibn Ahmad ibn ‘Abd Allah, 45

Sa’ihs, 172

Saladin; see Salah ad-Din

As-salaf, 157, 190, 297

Salah, 292, 343; cf. Aslah

Salah ad-Din, 49, 241

Salam, 353

Salaman, 253, f.

Salamiya, 44

Salat, Salawat, 178, 292, 293, 352

Salih, the prophet, 346

Salim, Ottoman Sultan, 56

Saljuqs, 207

Saluhi qadim, 328

Sam‘, 292, 294, 333

Sama’ ad-Dunya, 297

Samam, 340

Samanids, 36

Samarqand, 82, 187, 207

Sami‘, 337, 349

San‘a, 36

As-Sanusi, Muhammad ibn ‘Ali, 61, 120, 244, 269, 273, 284

As-Sanusi, Muhammad ibn Yusuf, 315-318, 322, 323, 328, 334, 341, 347

Sari as-Saqati, 175-177, 268

Satan, 298, 299; cf. shaytan

Sawm, 292; cf. Siyam

Sayf ad-Dawla, the Hamdanid, 162, 165

Sayyid Murtada, 285, 300

Semites, Semitic, 5, 51, 125, 126, 182

Sergius, father of John of Damascus, 131

Seth, 43

Ash-Shadhili, 267, 269

Shadhilite darwishes, 267

Shahada, 356

Shafa‘a, 174, 296, 307, 311, 349

Ash-Shafi‘i, 67, 103-111, 173,187

Shafi‘ites, 110, 115

Shahs of Persia, 38

Shakk, 332

Shar‘, 345

Ash-Sha‘rani, 279, 281, 283, 285

Ash-Shahrastani, 213, 224, 291, 293

Shari‘a, 282

Sharifs of Mecca, 58, 265

Sharifs of Morocco, 35, 59, 247

Sharik, 300, 321, 326; cf. shirk, mushrik

Shay’, 159, 314, 322

Shaykh, 177

Shaykh al-Islam, 113

Shaykh ‘Ilwan, 268

Shaytans, 304

Shem, 43

Ash-Shibli, 176, 177, 225

Shihab ad-Din as-Suhrawardi, 241

Shi‘ites, Shi‘a, 5, 13, 19, 26-36, 39-41, 48, 51, 52, 56, 59, 115, 116, 121, 123, 131, 159, 165, 184, 185, 193-195, 212, 247, 249, 292, 298

Shirk, 123, 127; cf. sharik, mushrik

Shirka, 354

Shu‘ayb, 346

Shuf‘a, 354

As-Siddiq, 313

Sidq, 347

Sifa nafsiya, 319

Sifat, 136, 151, 291, 309

Sifat adh-dhat, 291

Sifat al-fi‘l, 291, 338

Sifat al-ma‘ani, 337

p. 385

Sifat ‘aqliya, 190

Sifat at-ta’thir, 333

Sifat ma‘nawiya, 337

Sifat salabiya, 328

Sijistan, 171

As-Sirat, 296, 306, 311, 349

Siyam, 353

Solomon, 286

Spain, 33, 82, 132, 194, 209, 246

Spanish Islam, 132

Stephen bar Sudaili, 181

Stewart (Balfour) and Tait, 235

Lord Stratford de Redcliffe, 48

Suf, 130

Sufi, Sufiism, 130, 172, 173, 176-178, 185, 213, 216-219, 222, 225-229, 232, 235, 236, 239, 248, 250, 252, 253, 261, 262, 264, 267, 268, 274, 276-278, 282, 284, 309

Sufistiqiya, 308

Sufiya, 173

Sufyan ath-Thawri, 97, 98

Sughra of as-Sanusi, 341

As-Suhrawardi; see Shihab ad-Din

Sulayman the Great, 54

Sulh, 354

Sunna, 74, 75, 88,190, 282, 293, 297, 298, 307, 345

Sunan, 75, 81

Sunnites, 19, 35, 38, 51, 52, 59, 116, 194, 247, 298

Sura, 232

Suso, the mystic, 180

Syria, 21-23, 28, 45, 46, 49, 50, 82, 84, 98, 131, 226

Ta‘addud, 339

Ta‘allaqa, 328

Ta‘alluqu-l-qabdati, 329

Tab‘, 328, 339

Tabaristan, 36

Tabi‘iyun, 161, 221, 293, 346

Tabligh, 347

Tabor, Mount, 178

Tadbir, 357

Tadlil, 292

Tafsili, 316

At-Taftazani, 242, 269, 308, 318, 345, 346

Tahafut of al-Ghazzali, 229, 237, 240, 257, 286

Tahara, 351

At-Tahawi, 187, 193

Tahlil, 276

Tahsin, 292

Tajsim, 209, 246

Takallam, 147

Takfir, 292

Taklif, 137, 310

Takwin, 310, 338

Talaq, 355

Talha, 21, 25

Ta‘lil, 339

Ta‘lim, 197

Ta‘limites, 197, 219, 224, 228

Tanjizi, 328

Taqbih, 292

Taqiya, 126

Taqlid, 209, 217, 246, 261, 270, 286, 316, 318, 323, 350

Tariqa, 282

Tasalsul, 201, 322

Tasdiq, 312, 350

Tawallud, 142, 144

Tawakkul, 179, f.

Tawba, 292, 349

Tawhid, 156, 175, 176, 246, 291, 300, 315, 349; cf. muwahhid

Ta‘wil, 246

Tawlid, 142

Tawrat, 303

Tayammum, 352

Theodorus Abucara, 132

Thiqa, 293, 296

The Thousand and One Nights, 97, 286

Thumama ibn Ashras, 144

Tigris, 50, 133

At-Tirmidhi, 81

Toledo, 82

p. 386

Tours, 82, f.

Tripolis, 62

Tufan, 329, f.

Tughril Beg, 52, 207, 212, f.

Turkish mysticism, 5

Tus, 216, 229, 230, 267

The Twelve Tables, 85

‘Ubayd Allah al-Mahdi, 45, 46, 244

Udhiya, 356

‘Ulama, 54, 233, 307

Uluhiya, 326

Ulu-l-‘azm, 345

‘Uman, 24, 26, 59

‘Umar ibn ‘Abd al-‘Aziz, Umayyad Kh., 104

‘Umar ibn al-Khattab, 2nd Kh., 13-19, 23, 24, 36, 44, 56, 86, 93, 165, 275, 297, 307, 313, 346

‘Umar al-Khayyam, 198, 199

‘Umar ibn al-Farid, 266

Umayya, 10, 16

Umayyads, 9, 17-19, 22, 25, 27, 32, 33, 53, 77, 78, 88-93, 104, 123, 131, 133, 153, 209

Umayyads of Cordova, 45

Umm walad, 357

‘Urf, 94, 113

‘Uthman ibn ‘Affan, 3rd Kh., 17-22, 25, 36, 71, 297, 307, 313, 346

Vincent of Lerins, 101

Volubilis, 35

Wa‘d, 292

Wadi‘a, 354

Wahdaniya, 325

Al-Wahhab, 211

Wahhabites, 60-62,109, 113, 115, 120, 273, 278, 279, 283-285

Al-Wahib, 211

Wahy, 281

Wa‘id, Wa‘idites, 129, 292

Wajib, 73, 316, 318

Wakala, 354

Wala, 357

Walad, 294, 330

Wali, 139, 173, 263, 267, 268, 274, 275, 281-28 .5, 313, 326

Walima, 355

Waliya, 173

Waqf, 354

Warith, 354

Wasil ibn ‘Ata, 37, 129, 135, 136 . 150

Wasiya, 354

Wasiya of Ibn Sina, 198, 228

Al-Wathiq, ‘Abbasid Kh., 157

Wudu, 318, 352

Wujud, 159, 191, 316-319, 352

Wusul, 228

Yajuj, 315

Al-Yaman, 60, 284

Yamin, 356

Ya‘qub; see Jacob

Yathrib, 67

Yawm al-qiyama, 295, 349

Yazid, 19, 28

Yehuda Halevi, 237

Zabbur, 304

Zabid in Tihama, 285

Zahid, 173, 180

Zahida, 173

Zahir, 314

Zahirites, 110, 112, 208, 209, 247, 249, 252, 261, 264, 287

Zahr, 42

Zakat, 292, 293, 353

Az-Zamakhshari, 195

Zann, 332

Zanzibar, 26, 59, 115

Zaydites, 36, 37, 46, 57, 59, 116, 188

Zihar, 355

Zina, 355

Zindiqs, 134

Zoroastrianism, 133, 134, 183

Az-Zubayr, 21, 25

Az-Zuhri, 91